What is Platinum? | Types, Definition, Structure, Function & Facts
What is Platinum?
Platinum is the 3rd element in the 10th column of the periodic table. It is classified as a transition metal. Platinum atoms have 78 electrons and 78 protons with 117 neutrons in the most abundant isotope form. It is considered a precious metal along with silver and gold.
Characteristics and Properties
Under normal conditions, platinum is a shiny, silvery metal. It is very flexible, which means it can be easily pulled into a rope. It is also ductile, which means it can be forged into a thin sheet.
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Platinum resists corrosion when exposed to air. It is also very dense (one of the highest elements) and has a high melting point.
Platinum is quite inactive, but it is soluble in hot alkali and aqua regia.
Highlights of Platinum:
| Symbol | Pt |
| Atomic Number | 78 |
| Atomic Weight | 195.084 |
| Classification | Transition metal |
| Phase at Room Temperature | Solid |
| Density | 21.45 grams per cm cubed |
| Melting Point | 1768°C, 3215°F |
| Boiling Point | 3825°C, 6917°F |
| Discovered by | Peoples of South America |
Where is the Platinum found on Earth?
Platinum is a rare and hard to find metal. This is what makes it such a precious metal. Platinum can be found in its pure form, but is most commonly found with other platinum group metals. The majority of platinum is mined in South Africa, with Russia in second place.
How is Platinum used today?
As a precious metal, platinum is often used as currency and investment. It is also used in coins and to make jewelry such as rings, earrings, and watches.
Although a popular metal for jewelry making, platinum is often used as a catalyst in chemical reactions. It is used as a catalyst for the automotive and petroleum industries.
How was Platinum discovered?
Platinum was first discovered by people living in South America before the arrival of the Spaniards. They have produced an alloy of platinum and gold which they use in their artwork and jewelry.
The first scientist to isolate platinum in its pure form was the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston in 1803.
Where did Platinum get its name?
Platinum gets its name from the Spanish word “platina” which means “silver”.
Isotopes
There are six natural isotopes. The most of these are platinum-195.
Interesting Facts about Platinum
William Hyde Wollaston also discovered the elements palladium and rhodium.
It is the most ductile of the pure metals. Only gold is more malleable.
The group of metals for which platinum is part of the periodic table is sometimes called the platinum group.
Its ductility allows it to be forged into a sheet as thin as 100 atoms.
The word “platinum” is often associated with wealth and value. Sometimes the reward called “platinum” is considered higher than “gold”.