Colombia | History, Capital, Language, Flag, Facts & Geography of Colombia
History of Colombia:
Colombia was originally inhabited by various tribes, hunter-gatherers, and farmers. His two major civilizations formed are the Tayrona and the Muisca. They were both members of the Chibcha language family. These civilizations were organized into tribes, and each tribe was ruled by a chief or cacique. They were a fairly developed society right behind the Inca civilization near Peru.
The first Europeans to arrive were the Spaniards, who established their first settlement in Santa Marta in 1525. A few years later he found Bogota in 1538 and grew into a metropolis. In 1717, it became the capital of Spanish interests, including present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela.
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In 1813 Colombia declared independence from Spain. In 1819 they founded the Republic of Gran Colombia. Military hero Simon Bolivar was the first president. The country has experienced two major civil wars. The first war lasted from her 1899 to 1903 and was called the “Thousand Days War”. A second civil war took place from 1946 to 1957 and was called “La Violencia”, which means “violence”.
Information about Colombia:
| Capital | Bogota |
| Population | 52,124,289 (Source: 2023 worldometer) |
| Major Cities | Bogota (capital), Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena and Medellin |
| Borders | Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | $343,939,000,000 (2022 worldometer) |
| Currency | Colombian peso (COP) |
Flag of Colombia:
Colombia Economy Key Industries:
Colombia Major Industries: textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds
Colombia Agricultural Products: coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; forest products; shrimp
Colombia Natural Resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower
Colombia Major Exports: petroleum, coffee, coal, apparel, bananas, cut flowers
Colombia Major Imports: industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity
The Geography of Colombia:
Total Size of Colombia: 1,138,910 sq km (source: 2022 The world factbook)
Geographical Low Point of Colombia: Pacific Ocean 0 m
Geographical High Point of Colombia: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m
Climate of Colombia: Tropical; along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
General Terrain of Colombia: flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains
World Region or Continent of Colombia: South America
Geographical Coordinates: 4 00 N, 72 00 W
The People of Colombia & Culture
Colombia Government Type: republic; executive branch dominates government structure
Colombia Nationality: Colombian(s)
Colombia National Holiday: Independence Day, 20 July (1810)
Colombia Independence: 20 July 1810 (from Spain)
Colombia National Symbol: Andean condor
Colombia National Anthem or Song: Himno Nacional de la Republica de Colombia (National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia)
Colombia Languages Spoken: Spanish
Colombia Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%
Interesting Facts about Colombia:
One-third of Colombia is covered by the Amazon rainforest. The Amazon is the world’s largest rainforest and can be visited year-round by hiking or boating.
Colombia is a tropical country that goes south just below the equator, so there are no seasons. Temperatures are stable throughout the year, changing only during the wet and dry seasons.
Colombia is home to the Liquid Rainbow, one of the most beautiful rivers in the world. It is very difficult to get there, you need to travel by plane and then ride a horse or donkey.
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia is the highest coastal mountain range in the world. It reaches an altitude of 5,700 m above sea level in just 42 km. These mountainous regions are considered some of the most irreplaceable protected areas in the world due to their habitat being threatened with extinction.
Colombia has 60 national parks, with Tayrona National Park being the most popular. Swim in the Caribbean Sea with views of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
The wax palm is the national tree and symbol of Colombia. The Colombian government established Los Henevados National Park, which includes the Cocora Valley.
One of the rarest species of dolphin is found in Colombia. Pink dolphins are an endangered species. Only about 20 dolphins are believed to remain.
Colombia belongs to a diverse group of 17 countries. Over 5,000 species of her exist in these countries. It has the highest number of species in the world, including butterflies and amphibians, and more birds than Europe and North America combined.
Colombia has been one of the happiest countries in the world for many years. People responded to a survey based on how happy or unhappy they felt, and found that more than 85% of the Colombians felt happy.
Colombia has 80 indigenous peoples and 88 languages. If you visit Colombia you will hear mostly Spanish, while if you visit the Caribbean side you will hear mainly Creole.
Her three are the only countries where women are more likely to boss men. In Colombia, 53% of her bosses are women. She is the only country with the highest proportion of female bosses.
In Jamaica, 59 out of 100 bosses are women. In Colombia 99.2% of the population speaks Spanish, while in Spain 99% speak Spanish. Colombia has the second highest percentage of Spanish speakers after Mexico.
When it comes to Colombian celebrities, Shakira is probably the most famous in Colombia. One of the most popular singers in the world, she was born in Barranquilla.