What is Simple Machines? | Definition, Types, Formula & Examples
What is Simple Machines?
A machine is simply a basic mechanical device for applying force and doing work. More complex machines consist of a set of simple machines.
There are six basic types of simple machines:
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Lever
A lever consists of a straight rigid object such as a plank or rod that rotates on a turning point called a fulcrum. Leverage makes work easier by using leverage multiplies force. When you use a lever, you move a smaller force a greater distance to lift a heavy object a short distance. Examples of levers include switches, pliers, crowbars, and tweezers.
Wheel and axle
Wheels and axles are another simple machine. It uses a wheel with a bar mounted in the middle as the axle to help it lift or move loads. In some cases, this machine functions as a lever to multiply the force (as with doorknobs or fishing rods). In other cases, it is used to make moving objects easier, such as with bicycle wheels.
Pulley
A pulley is a simple machine that uses a slotted wheel and a rope. The rope fits into the groove and one end of the rope wraps around the load. You pull the other end. Pulleys help you move loads or change the direction of force.
Inclined plane
An inclined plane is a plane with one end higher than the other. This allows heavy objects to slide to a higher point instead of being lifted. It is often easier to pull something than to lift it.
Examples of inclines include slides and ramps.
Wedge
If you put two inclined planes with their backs to each other, you get an angle. A wedge is a simple machine used to push two objects apart. Examples of wedges include knives, scissors, and axes.
Screw
The screw is a specific type of inclined plane. It’s basically an inclined plane wrapped around a pole. Screws can be used to lift objects or hold them together.
Examples of simple screw machines include rocking chairs, jar lids, and of course screws.
Interesting Facts about Simple Machines
Simple machines were first discovered and described by the Greek philosopher Archimedes.
The Egyptians probably used the inclined plane to help build the pyramids. Using ramps will make it easier to get large rocks to the top.
Galileo was the first to develop a functional mathematical theory of how simple machines work.
Your bike uses almost any simple machine to turn it into a more complex one.